Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje gushyira ingufu mu kubaka ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije, Guverinoma iteganya ko mu myaka itanu iri imbere hazakomeza gukumirwa no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’ibiza n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere; hakanagabanywa imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero nibura cya 38%.
Imiturire ni kimwe mu bikorwa bigira ingaruka iyo idakozwe mu buryo bubungabunga ibidukikije,
Iterambere ry’isi muri rusange rishingira ku nyubako ziturwamo cyangwa zikorerwamo. Cyo kigero cyose kubaka inzu bigendana no gukoresha ibikoresho byo kubaka birimo cement.
Ibi byumvikanisha ko iterambere ry’inganda zikora cement ari urugendo rw’iterambere ry’ibihugu n’isi muri rusange. Abahanga mu bya siyanse bagaragaza ko kugeza ubu imihindagurikiye y’ikirere igirwamo itizwa umurindi n’ibikorwa bya siyanse. Inganda n’ibigo bikomeye bigira uruhare mu kwangirika kw’ibidukikije ndetse n”imihindagurikire y’ikirere
NI GUTE ITERAMBERE MU BY’INGANDA RIGIRA URUHARE MU KWANGIRIKA KW’IKIRERE?
Umusaruro wa Clinker ugira uruhare runini mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere, bingana na 90% by’ibyuka bihumanya biva mu musaruro wa sima.
Inganda za sima ni kimwe mu byiciro bikoresha ikinyabutabire cya clinker kikaba icya Kabiri mu bintu bitanga dioxyde de carbone (CO2), igira ingaruka ku kigero cya 5% by’ibyangiza umwuka mwiza wo mu kirere.
Ikinyamakuru gikora ubushakashatsi kuri siyanse cya www.nrdc.org kivuga ko ikorwa n’ikoreshwa rya cement byongera imyanda myinshi yangiza ikirere ifitanye isano n’ibibazo byinshi by’ubuzima. Inganda za cement ziza ku mwanya wa rwa gatatu mu kugira uruhare runini mu kwanduza ikirere kuko zohereza mu kirere imyuka irimo ikinyabutabire nka dioxyde de sulfure, okiside ya azote (NOx) na monoxyde de carbone.
Abaturiye inganda za cement usanga bagirwaho ingaruka z’imibereho rusange zirimo kuba umukungugu wa sima iyo utumutse wuzura mu kirere bakawuhumeka, undi ukihoma ku mabati. Uyu mukungugu wanduza amazi, imboga zihinze mu murima n’imyambaro bameshe.
Umuturage umaze imyaka irenga 15 atuye mu Mudugudu wa Nyenyeri Akagari ka Shara, mu Murenge wa Muganza, ku murongo wa telephone yemeje ko ubuzima
bwabo buri mu kaga atanga urugero ko hari umwana we uherutse kurwara, amujyana ku kigo nderabuzima babura indwara, bamwohereza ku bitaro by’Akarere na byo bimwohereza ku Bitaro bya Kaminuza i Huye (CHUB), basanga arwaye umutima akemeza ko uturuka ku ngaruka z’ibikomoka muri uruganda rwa CIMERWA.
Abahanga mu bushakashatsi bavuga ko ku isi yose buri mwaka sima ikoreshwa itanga hafi 9 ku ijana by’imyuka yose ya CO2 iri mu kirere. Ibyo biteza ingaruka zirimo kugabanuka kw’amazi akenewe, kwiyongera kw’igipimo cy’ubushyuhe, ndetse no guteza ugushwanyagurika kwa pulasitike maze ibisigazwa bikingavanga n’indi myuka yangiza.
Muri 2011, u Rwanda rwashyizeho gahunda nshya yo guteza imbere ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe (GGCRS) hagamijwe ko muri 2050 igihugu kizaba giteye imbere, gifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe kandi kitanarangwamo n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Leta y’u Rwanda ibinyujije mu kigo cy’igihugu cyita ku bidukikije (REMA) isaba abashoramari bo mu rwanda gukangurira abanyenganda bo mu bihugu byateye imbere gushora imari mu bucuruzi butangiza ibidukikije. Muri abo banyenganda harimo ba ny’iri inganda zikora ibikiresho byifashishwa mu bwubatsi harimo na cement.
IMYUBAKIRE IHANGANA N’IMIHINDAGURIKIRE Y’IKIRERE IRASHOBOKA
Ikorwa n’ikoreshwa rya cement ubucuruzi bushingira ku iterambere ry’igihugu n’abagituye cyane cyane mu myubabire igezweho. Icyakora hari ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ikinyabutabire cya Lime kigaragara cyane kirere cyegereye ahubakishijwe cement ndetse n’abashashwe cement kiri mu bitera ubushyuhe bwinshi bugira ingaruka zishobora no kugera ku bantu ubwabo bakarwara indwara zirimo iz’uruhu n’izindi. (Ikinyabutabire cya Lime kigaragara cyane muri cement tuzakigarukaho mu nkuru yacu y’ubutaha).
Vivien MUNYABURANGA impuguke mu myubabire ihangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe yemeza ko n’ubwo imikoresherezwe ya cement iri mu bihumanya ikirere ngo ubusanzwe u Rwanda rwashyizeho ingamba zo gusuzuma ibikoresho byo kubaka byujuje ubuziranenge.
Agira ati: ” mu Rwanda hari intambwe yatewe yo gusuzuma ibikoresho byo kubaka byujuje ubuziranenge. Ubu twavuga ko mu guhangana n’ingaruka n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe twakoresha bene ibyo byemewe ariko Kandi hanakenewe kwigisha abubatsi uburyo bwo kujyana n’ibihe bigezweho mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere “
Akomeza atanga urugero ku nzu zirenga ijana zubatswe mu karere ka Gicumbi mu bikorwa byateganijwe muri uyu mushinga byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere cyo mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru. Umushinga Green Gicumbi ku nkunga y’Ikigega cy’Isi cyita ku mihindagurikire y’Ibihe (GCF) ushyirwa mu bikorwa na leta y’u Rwanda ibinyujije mu kigega Rwanda Green Fund ndetse ku bufatanye na REMA na Minisiteri y’ibidukikije.
Uyu mushinga umaze imyaka 5 ushyirwa mu bikorwa watanze umusaruro mu byiciro byose ukoreramo cyane cyane mu kugabanya ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere.
Umuyobozi w’umushinga Green Gicumbi Bwana KAGENZA Jean Marie Vianney avuga ko uyu mushinga umaze kugabanya ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere bingana na Toni zisaga 108000.
Agira ati: “Mu ntego twatangiranye mu mirenge icyenda yo mu karere ka Gicumbi dukoreramo harimo kubungabunga icyogogo, gusazura amashyamba no gutera andi, gukora amatera y’indindanire n’amaterasi yisazura, gutera icyayi n’ibindi, twongereyemo gufata amazi yo ku misozi no ku mazu kandi byose byarakozwe. Twubatse imidugudu ibiri yubatswe hashingiwe ku guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Ibyo bikorwa byose Kandi byiyingereyeho kugabanuka kw’ibyuka byangiza ikirere cy’U Rwanda kuko tumaze kugabanya ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere bingana na toni 108.000”.
(KAGENZA JMV Photo Internet).
Raporo iheruka ya banki y’isi igaragaza ko mu bihe biri imnbere u Rwanda ruzahura n’ingaruka y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, irimo igabanyuka ry’ umusaruro mbumbe w’imbere mu gihugu ringana hafi 7%. Banki y’isi ivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2050, umusaruro mbumbe w’ u Rwanda uzangabanukaho guhera kuri 5% kugeza kuri 7 % munsi y’igipimo fatizo.
Iyi raporo kandi inagaragaza ko imihindagurike y’ikirere izakoma mu nkokora gahunda za leta y’ u Rwanda zo kuzamura ubukungu no kugabanya ubukene. Yemeza ko kurushaho guhangana n’izi ngaruka , u Rwanda rukwiye gukomeza gushyira imbaraga mu buryo buhamye gahunda zitandukanye rw’ihaye zijyanye no guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, no kugabanya ibikorwa bya muntu byohereza imyuka ihumanya mu kirere, ari nabyo bifatwa nk’intandaro y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Banki y’isi ivuga ko kugirango ibi bigerweho bisaba leta y’ u Rwanda gushora amafaranga angana na miliyari 11 z’amadorali y’Amerika muri zo gahunda, ahwanye na 8,8% by’umusarurombumbe w’imbere mu gihugu wa buri mwaka.
Ibi ni bimwe mu byatumye u Rwanda rwifatanya n’amahanga mu gushyira umukono ku masezerano atandukanye agamije gukumira ibyangiza ikirere ndetse no guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire yacyo.
Amwe muri ayo masezerano ni ayitiriwe ayi París ‘París agreement’, amasezerano asaba buri gihugu cyayashyizeho umukono kugaragaza gahunda zihamye kizifashisha mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya cyohereza mu kirere.
Hakenewe iki?
Kugera mu 2030, ubwo u Rwanda ruzaba rumaze kugabanya 38% by’umwuka wangiza ikirere rwoherezayo, rukeneye miliyari 11$ azakoreshwa muri ibyo bikorwa, amafaranga aruta umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu ku mwaka. Miliyari 5,3$ azakoreshwa mu guhangana n’ingaruka ziterwa n’iyangirika ry’ikirere zamaze kubaho, mu gihe andi miliyari 5,7$ azakoreshwa mu gushyiraho ingamba zishobora gukumira iyangirika ry’ikirere.
Leta y’u Rwanda igaragaza ko aya mafaranga azaturuka mu bikorwa bitandukanye, birimo inkunga z’amahanga ndetse n’ibikorwa by’ishoramari rishyirwa mu kurengera ibidukikije.
Nanone kandi u Rwanda rwatangiye uburyo bwa carbon offset busa nk’ubukiri kwigwaho ku ntego yo kugabanya umwuka wangiza ikirere byoherezayo. Ni ubuzwi nka ‘carbon market.’
Ubu buryo bumeze nk’isoko risanzwe, aho Leta zitanga impushya (permits) ku bigo by’ubucuruzi bigira uruhare mu kohereza umwuka wangiza ikirere. Impushya ikigo cyahawe, zizajya ziba zingana n’ingano y’umwuka kitagomba kurenza, cyakenera kuwurenza, kikagura izindi mpushya ku bindi bigo by’ubucuruzi, ariko byo bizaba bifite impushya zirenze ibyo zikeneye bitewe n’uko byohereza umwuka wangiza ikirere mucye ugereranyije n’uwo byemerewe.
Ubu buryo bwitezweho kuzatuma ibigo byose bigira ishyaka ryo gushyiraho ingamba zirengera ibidukikije, kugira ngo zigabanye umwuka wangiza ikirere byohereza, noneho zibone uko zicuruza impushya nyinshi, bityo zibone inyungu ivuye mu kurengera ibidukikije, yiyongera ku yindi yavuye mu bucuruzi busanzwe. Mu gihe ubu buryo bwashyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bwuzuye, bwagabanya umwuka wangiza ikirere woherezwaho ku kigero kiri hagati ya 60% na 80% mu 2050., mumfashe gukora umutwe ukwiriye wiyi nkuru
NKINDI Patrick
